Melville, Herman - Typee
2024-12-08
3
0
439.2KB
158 页
4.9玖币
侵权投诉
Typee: A Romance of the South Sea
Herman Melville
Table of Contents
Typee: A Romance of the South Sea.................................................................................................................1
Herman Melville......................................................................................................................................1
PREFACE................................................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION TO THE EDITION OF 1892. BY ARTHUR STEDMAN......................................3
TYPEE................................................................................................................................................................11
CHAPTER ONE....................................................................................................................................11
CHAPTER TWO...................................................................................................................................14
CHAPTER THREE...............................................................................................................................18
CHAPTER FOUR..................................................................................................................................20
CHAPTER FIVE...................................................................................................................................26
CHAPTER SIX......................................................................................................................................28
CHAPTER SEVEN...............................................................................................................................32
CHAPTER EIGHT................................................................................................................................37
CHAPTER NINE...................................................................................................................................42
CHAPTER TEN....................................................................................................................................46
CHAPTER ELEVEN.............................................................................................................................52
CHAPTER TWELVE............................................................................................................................59
CHAPTER THIRTEEN.........................................................................................................................64
CHAPTER FOURTEEN.......................................................................................................................68
CHAPTER FIFTEEN............................................................................................................................73
CHAPTER SIXTEEN............................................................................................................................76
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN.....................................................................................................................79
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN.........................................................................................................................83
CHAPTER NINETEEN.........................................................................................................................90
CHAPTER TWENTY...........................................................................................................................94
CHAPTER TWENTY−ONE.................................................................................................................96
CHAPTER TWENTY−TWO................................................................................................................98
CHAPTER TWENTY−THREE..........................................................................................................101
CHAPTER TWENTY−FOUR............................................................................................................104
CHAPTER TWENTY−FIVE..............................................................................................................110
CHAPTER TWENTY−SIX.................................................................................................................115
CHAPTER TWENTY−SEVEN..........................................................................................................121
CHAPTER TWENTY−EIGHT...........................................................................................................124
CHAPTER TWENTY−NINE..............................................................................................................126
CHAPTER THIRTY............................................................................................................................129
CHAPTER THIRTY−ONE.................................................................................................................134
CHAPTER THIRTY−TWO................................................................................................................136
CHAPTER THIRTY−THREE............................................................................................................141
CHAPTER THIRTY−FOUR...............................................................................................................144
NOTE...................................................................................................................................................155
Typee: A Romance of the South Sea
i
Typee: A Romance of the South Sea
Herman Melville
This page copyright © 2002 Blackmask Online.
http://www.blackmask.com
• PREFACE
• INTRODUCTION TO THE EDITION OF 1892. BY ARTHUR STEDMAN.
• TYPEE
• CHAPTER ONE
• CHAPTER TWO
• CHAPTER THREE
• CHAPTER FOUR
• CHAPTER FIVE
• CHAPTER SIX
• CHAPTER SEVEN
• CHAPTER EIGHT
• CHAPTER NINE
• CHAPTER TEN
• CHAPTER ELEVEN
• CHAPTER TWELVE
• CHAPTER THIRTEEN
• CHAPTER FOURTEEN
• CHAPTER FIFTEEN
• CHAPTER SIXTEEN
• CHAPTER SEVENTEEN
• CHAPTER EIGHTEEN
• CHAPTER NINETEEN
• CHAPTER TWENTY
• CHAPTER TWENTY−ONE
• CHAPTER TWENTY−TWO
• CHAPTER TWENTY−THREE
• CHAPTER TWENTY−FOUR
• CHAPTER TWENTY−FIVE
• CHAPTER TWENTY−SIX
• CHAPTER TWENTY−SEVEN
• CHAPTER TWENTY−EIGHT
• CHAPTER TWENTY−NINE
• CHAPTER THIRTY
• CHAPTER THIRTY−ONE
• CHAPTER THIRTY−TWO
• CHAPTER THIRTY−THREE
• CHAPTER THIRTY−FOUR
• NOTE.
With Biographical and Critical Introduction by Arthur Stedman
This etext was prepared by Dianne Bean, Phoenix, AZ.
Typee: A Romance of the South Sea 1
PREFACE
MORE than three years have elapsed since the occurrence of the events recorded in this volume. The interval,
with the exception of the last few months, has been chiefly spent by the author tossing about on the wide
ocean. Sailors are the only class of men who now−a−days see anything like stirring adventure; and many
things which to fire−side people appear strange and romantic, to them seem as common−place as a jacket out
at elbows. Yet, notwithstanding the familiarity of sailors with all sorts of curious adventure, the incidents
recorded in the following pages have often served, when 'spun as a yarn,' not only to relieve the weariness of
many a night−watch at sea, but to excite the warmest sympathies of the author's shipmates. He has been,
therefore, led to think that his story could scarcely fail to interest those who are less familiar than the sailor
with a life of adventure.
In his account of the singular and interesting people among whom he was thrown, it will be observed that he
chiefly treats of their more obvious peculiarities; and, in describing their customs, refrains in most cases from
entering into explanations concerning their origin and purposes. As writers of travels among barbarous
communities are generally very diffuse on these subjects, he deems it right to advert to what may be
considered a culpable omission. No one can be more sensible than the author of his deficiencies in this and
many other respects; but when the very peculiar circumstances in which he was placed are understood, he
feels assured that all these omissions will be excused.
In very many published narratives no little degree of attention is bestowed upon dates; but as the author lost
all knowledge of the days of the week, during the occurrence of the scenes herein related, he hopes that the
reader will charitably pass over his shortcomings in this particular.
In the Polynesian words used in this volume,except in those cases where the spelling has been previously
determined by others,that form of orthography has been employed, which might be supposed most easily to
convey their sound to a stranger. In several works descriptive of the islands in the Pacific, many of the most
beautiful combinations of vocal sounds have been altogether lost to the ear of the reader by an over−attention
to the ordinary rules of spelling.
There are a few passages in the ensuing chapters which may be thought to bear rather bard upon a reverend
order of men, the account of whose proceedings in different quarters of the globe transmitted to us through
their own handsvery generally, and often very deservedly, receives high commendation. Such passages will
be found, however, to be based upon facts admitting of no contradiction, and which have come immediately
under the writer's cognizance. The conclusions deduced from these facts are unavoidable, and in stating them
the author has been influenced by no feeling of animosity, either to the individuals themselves, or to that
glorious cause which has not always been served by the proceedings of some of its advocates.
The great interest with which the important events lately occurring at the Sandwich, Marquesas, and Society
Islands, have been regarded in America and England, and indeed throughout the world, will, he trusts, justify
a few otherwise unwarrantable digressions.
There are some things related in the narrative which will be sure to appear strange, or perhaps entirely
incomprehensible, to the reader; but they cannot appear more so to him than they did to the author at the time.
He has stated such matters just as they occurred, and leaves every one to form his own opinion concerning
them; trusting that his anxious desire to speak the unvarnished truth will gain for him the confidence of his
readers. 1846.
Typee: A Romance of the South Sea
PREFACE 2
INTRODUCTION TO THE EDITION OF 1892. BY ARTHUR STEDMAN.
OF the trinity of American authors whose births made the year 1819 a notable one in our literary
history,Lowell, Whitman, and Melville,it is interesting to observe that the two latter were both descended,
on the fathers' and mothers' sides respectively, from have families of British New England and Dutch New
York extraction. Whitman and Van Velsor, Melville and Gansevoort, were the several combinations which
produced these men; and it is easy to trace in the life and character of each author the qualities derived from
his joint ancestry. Here, however, the resemblance ceases, for Whitman's forebears, while worthy country
people of good descent, were not prominent in public or private life. Melville, on the other hand, was of
distinctly patrician birth, his paternal and maternal grandfathers having been leading characters in the
Revolutionary War; their descendants still maintaining a dignified social position.
Allan Melville, great−grandfather of Herman Melville, removed from Scotland to America in 1748, and
established himself as a merchant in Boston. His son, Major Thomas Melville, was a leader in the famous
'Boston Tea Party' of 1773 and afterwards became an officer in the Continental Army. He is reported to have
been a Conservative in all matters except his opposition to unjust taxation, and he wore the old−fashioned
cocked hat and knee−breeches until his death, in 1832, thus becoming the original of Doctor Holmes's
poem,'The Last Leaf'. Major Melville's son Allan, the father of Herman, was an importing merchant,first in
Boston, and later in New York. He was a man of much culture, and was an extensive traveller for his time.
He married Maria Gansevoort, daughter of General Peter Gansevoort, best known as 'the hero of Fort
Stanwix.' This fort was situated on the present site of Rome, N.Y.; and there Gansevoort, with a small body
of men, held in check reinforcements on their way to join Burgoyne, until the disastrous ending of the latter's
campaign of 1777 was insured. The Gansevoorts, it should be said, were at that time and subsequently
residents of Albany, N.Y.
Herman Melville was born in New York on August 1,1819, and received his early education in that city.
There he imbibed his first love of adventure, listening, as be says in 'Redburn,' while his father 'of winter
evenings, by the well−remembered sea−coal fire in old Greenwich Street, used to tell my brother and me of
the monstrous waves at sea, mountain high, of the masts bending like twigs, and all about Havre and
Liverpool.' The death of his father in reduced circumstances necessitated the removal of his mother and the
family of eight brothers and sisters to the village of Lansingburg, on the Hudson River. There Herman
remained until 1835, when he attended the Albany Classical School for some months. Dr. Charles E. West,
the well−known Brooklyn educator, was then in charge of the school, and remembers the lad's deftness in
English composition, and his struggles with mathematics.
The following year was passed at Pittsfield, Mass., where he engaged in work on his uncle's farm, long
known as the 'Van Schaack place.' This uncle was Thomas Melville, president of the Berkshire Agricultural
Society, and a successful gentleman farmer.
Herman's roving disposition, and a desire to support himself independently of family assistance, soon led him
to ship as cabin boy in a New York vessel bound for Liverpool. He made the voyage, visited London, and
returned in the same ship. 'Redburn: His First Voyage,' published in 1849, is partly founded on the
experiences of this trip, which was undertaken with the full consent of his relatives, and which seems to have
satisfied his nautical ambition for a time. As told in the book, Melville met with more than the usual
hardships of a sailor−boy's first venture. It does not seem difficult in 'Redburn' to separate the author's actual
experiences from those invented by him, this being the case in some of his other writings.
A good part of the succeeding three years, from 1837 to 1840, was occupied with school−teaching. While so
engaged at Greenbush, now East Albany, N.Y., he received the munificent salary of 'six dollars a quarter and
board.' He taught for one term at Pittsfield, Mass., 'boarding around' with the families of his pupils, in true
American fashion, and easily suppressing, on one memorable occasion, the efforts of his larger scholars to
Typee: A Romance of the South Sea
INTRODUCTION TO THE EDITION OF 1892. BY ARTHUR STEDMAN. 3
inaugurate a rebellion by physical force.
I fancy that it was the reading of Richard Henry Dana's 'Two Years Before the Mast' which revived the spirit
of adventure in Melville's breast. That book was published in 1840, and was at once talked of everywhere.
Melville must have read it at the time, mindful of his own experience as a sailor. At any rate, he once more
signed a ship's articles, and on January 1, 1841, sailed from New Bedford harbour in the whaler Acushnet,
bound for the Pacific Ocean and the sperm fishery. He has left very little direct information as to the events of
this eighteen months' cruise, although his whaling romance, 'Moby Dick; or, the Whale,' probably gives many
pictures of life on board the Acushnet. In the present volume he confines himself to a general account of the
captain's bad treatment of the crew, and of his non−fulfilment of agreements. Under these considerations,
Melville decided to abandon the vessel on reaching the Marquesas Islands; and the narrative of 'Typee' begins
at this point. However, he always recognised the immense influence the voyage had had upon his career, and
in regard to its results has said in 'Moby Dick,'
'If I shall ever deserve any real repute in that small but high hushed world which I might not be unreasonably
ambitious of; if hereafter I shall do anything that on the whole a man might rather have done than to have left
undone . . . then here I prospectively ascribe all the honour and the glory to whaling; for a whale−ship was
my Yale College and my Harvard.'
The record, then, of Melville's escape from the Dolly, otherwise the Acushnet, the sojourn of his companion
Toby and himself in the Typee Valley on the island of Nukuheva, Toby's mysterious disappearance, and
Melville's own escape, is fully given in the succeeding pages; and rash indeed would he be who would enter
into a descriptive contest with these inimitable pictures of aboriginal life in the 'Happy Valley.' So great an
interest has always centred in the character of Toby, whose actual existence has been questioned, that I am
glad to be able to declare him an authentic personage, by name Richard T. Greene. He was enabled to
discover himself again to Mr. Melville through the publication of the present volume, and their acquaintance
was renewed, lasting for quite a long period. I have seen his portrait,a rare old daguerrotype,and some of
his letters to our author. One of his children was named for the latter, but Mr. Melville lost trace of him in
recent years.
With the author's rescue from what Dr. T. M. Coan has styled his 'anxious paradise,' 'Typee' ends, and its
sequel, 'Omoo,' begins. Here, again, it seems wisest to leave the remaining adventures in the South Seas to
the reader's own discovery, simply stating that, after a sojourn at the Society Islands, Melville shipped for
Honolulu. There he remained for four months, employed as a clerk. He joined the crew of the American
frigate United States, which reached Boston, stopping on the way at one of the Peruvian ports, in October of
1844. Once more was a narrative of his experiences to be preserved in 'White Jacket; or, the World in a
Man−of−War.' Thus, of Melville's four most important books, three, 'Typee,' 'Omoo,' and 'White−Jacket,' are
directly auto biographical, and 'Moby Dick' is partially so; while the less important 'Redburn' is between the
two classes in this respect. Melville's other prose works, as will be shown, were, with some exceptions,
unsuccessful efforts at creative romance.
Whether our author entered on his whaling adventures in the South Seas with a determination to make them
available for literary purposes, may never be certainly known. There was no such elaborate announcement or
advance preparation as in some later cases. I am inclined to believe that the literary prospect was an
after−thought, and that this insured a freshness and enthusiasm of style not otherwise to be attained.
Returning to his mother's home at Lansingburg, Melville soon began the writing of 'Typee,' which was
completed by the autumn of 1845. Shortly after this his older brother, Gansevoort Melville, sailed for
England as secretary of legation to Ambassador McLane, and the manuscript was intrusted to Gansevoort for
submission to John Murray. Its immediate acceptance and publication followed in 1846. 'Typee' was
dedicated to Chief Justice Lemuel Shaw of Massachusetts, an old friendship between the author's family and
that of Justice Shaw having been renewed about this time. Mr. Melville became engaged to Miss Elizabeth
Typee: A Romance of the South Sea
INTRODUCTION TO THE EDITION OF 1892. BY ARTHUR STEDMAN. 4
Shaw, the only daughter of the Chief Justice, and their marriage followed on August 4, 1847, in Boston.
The wanderings of our nautical Othello were thus brought to a conclusion. Mr. and Mrs. Melville resided in
New York City until 1850, when they purchased a farmhouse at Pittsfield, their farm adjoining that formerly
owned by Mr. Melville's uncle, which had been inherited by the latter's son. The new place was named
'Arrow Head,' from the numerous Indian antiquities found in the neighbourhood. The house was so situated
as to command an uninterrupted view of Greylock Mountain and the adjacent hills. Here Melville remained
for thirteen years, occupied with his writing, and managing his farm. An article in Putnam's Monthly entitled
'I and My Chimney,' another called 'October Mountain,' and the introduction to the 'Piazza Tales,' present
faithful pictures of Arrow Head and its surroundings. In a letter to Nathaniel Hawthorne, given in 'Nathaniel
Hawthorne and His Wife,' his daily life is set forth. The letter is dated June 1, 1851.
'Since you have been here I have been building some shanties of houses (connected with the old one), and
likewise some shanties of chapters and essays. I have been ploughing and sowing and raising and printing
and praying, and now begin to come out upon a less bristling time, and to enjoy the calm prospect of things
from a fair piazza at the north of the old farmhouse here. Not entirely yet, though, am I without something to
be urgent with. The 'Whale' is only half through the press; for, wearied with the long delays of the printers,
and disgusted with the heat and dust of the Babylonish brick−kiln of New York, I came back to the country to
feel the grass, and end the book reclining on it, if I may.'
Mr. Hawthorne, who was then living in the red cottage at Lenox, had a week at Arrow Head with his
daughter Una the previous spring. It is recorded that the friends 'spent most of the time in the barn, bathing in
the early spring sunshine, which streamed through the open doors, and talking philosophy.' According to Mr.
J. E. A. Smith's volume on the Berkshire Hills, these gentlemen, both reserved in nature, though near
neighbours and often in the same company, were inclined to be shy of each other, partly, perhaps, through the
knowledge that Melville had written a very appreciative review of 'Mosses from an Old Manse' for the New
York Literary World, edited by their mutual friends, the Duyckincks. 'But one day,' writes Mr. Smith, 'it
chanced that when they were out on a picnic excursion, the two were compelled by a thundershower to take
shelter in a narrow recess of the rocks of Monument Mountain. Two hours of this enforced intercourse settled
the matter. They learned so much of each other's character, . . . that the most intimate friendship for the future
was inevitable.' A passage in Hawthorne's 'Wonder Book' is noteworthy as describing the number of literary
neighbours in Berkshire:
'For my part, I wish I had Pegasus here at this moment,' said the student. 'I would mount him forthwith, and
gallop about the country within a circumference of a few miles, making literary calls on my brother authors.
Dr. Dewey would be within ray reach, at the foot of the Taconic. In Stockbridge, yonder, is Mr. James [G. P.
R. James], conspicuous to all the world on his mountain−pile of history and romance. Longfellow, I believe,
is not yet at the Oxbow, else the winged horse would neigh at him. But here in Lenox I should find our most
truthful novelist [Miss Sedgwick], who has made the scenery and life of Berkshire all her own. On the hither
side of Pittsfield sits Herman Melville, shaping out the gigantic conception of his 'White Whale,' while the
gigantic shadow of Greylock looms upon him from his study window. Another bound of my flying steed
would bring me to the door of Holmes, whom I mention last, because Pegasus would certainly unseat me the
next minute, and claim the poet as his rider.'
While at Pittsfield, Mr. Melville was induced to enter the lecture field. From 1857 to 1860 he filled many
engagements in the lyceums, chiefly speaking of his adventures in the South Seas. He lectured in cities as
widely apart as Montreal, Chicago, Baltimore, and San Francisco, sailing to the last−named place in 1860, by
way of Cape Horn, on the Meteor, commanded, by his younger brother, Captain Thomas Melville, afterward
governor of the 'Sailor's Snug Harbor' at Staten Island, N.Y. Besides his voyage to San Francisco, he had, in
1849 and 1856, visited England, the Continent, and the Holy Land, partly to superintend the publication of
English editions of his works, and partly for recreation.
Typee: A Romance of the South Sea
INTRODUCTION TO THE EDITION OF 1892. BY ARTHUR STEDMAN. 5
A pronounced feature of Melville's character was his unwillingness to speak of himself, his adventures, or his
writings in conversation. He was, however, able to overcome this reluctance on the lecture platform. Our
author's tendency to philosophical discussion is strikingly set forth in a letter from Dr. Titus Munson Coan to
the latter's mother, written while a student at Williams College over thirty years ago, and fortunately
preserved by her. Dr. Coan enjoyed the friendship and confidence of Mr. Melville during most of his
residence in New York. The letter reads:
'I have made my first literary pilgrimage, a call upon Herman Melville, the renowned author of 'Typee,' etc.
He lives in a spacious farmhouse about two miles from Pittsfield, a weary walk through the dust. But it as
well repaid. I introduced myself as a Hawaiian−American, and soon found myself in full tide of talk, or rather
of monologue. But he would not repeat the experiences of which I had been reading with rapture in his books.
In vain I sought to hear of Typee and those paradise islands, but he preferred to pour forth his philosophy and
his theories of life. The shade of Aristotle arose like a cold mist between myself and Fayaway. We have quite
enough of deep philosophy at Williams College, and I confess I was disappointed in this trend of the talk. But
what a talk it was! Melville is transformed from a Marquesan to a gypsy student, the gypsy element still
remaining strong within him. And this contradiction gives him the air of one who has suffered from
opposition, both literary and social. With his liberal views, he is apparently considered by the good people of
Pittsfield as little better than a cannibal or a 'beach−comber.' His attitude seemed to me something like that of
Ishmael; but perhaps I judged hastily. I managed to draw him out very freely on everything but the
Marquesas Islands, and when I left him he was in full tide of discourse on all things sacred and profane. But
he seems to put away the objective side of his life, and to shut himself up in this cold north as a cloistered
thinker.'
I have been told by Dr. Coan that his father, the Rev. Titus Coan, of the Hawaiian Islands, personally visited
the Marquesas group, found the Typee Valley, and verified in all respects the statements made in 'Typee.' It is
known that Mr. Melville from early manhood indulged deeply in philosophical studies, and his fondness for
discussing such matters is pointed out by Hawthorne also, in the 'English Note Books.' This habit increased as
he advanced in years, if possible.
The chief event of the residence in Pittsfield was the completion and publication of 'Moby Dick; or, the
Whale,' in 1851. How many young men have been drawn to sea by this book is a question of interest.
Meeting with Mr. Charles Henry Webb ('John Paul') the day after Mr. Melville's death, I asked him if he were
not familiar with that author's writings. He replied that 'Moby Dick' was responsible for his three years of life
before the mast when a lad, and added that while 'gamming' on board another vessel he had once fallen in
with a member of the boat's crew which rescued Melville from his friendly imprisonment among the Typees.
While at Pittsfield, besides his own family, Mr. Melville's mother and sisters resided with him. As his four
children grew up he found it necessary to obtain for them better facilities for study than the village school
afforded; and so, several years after, the household was broken up, and he removed with his wife and children
to the New York house that was afterwards his home. This house belonged to his brother Allan, and was
exchanged for the estate at Pittsfield. In December, 1866, he was appointed by Mr. H. A. Smyth, a former
travelling companion in Europe, a district officer in the New York Custom House. He held the position until
1886, preferring it to in−door clerical work, and then resigned, the duties becoming too arduous for his failing
strength.
In addition to his philosophical studies, Mr. Melville was much interested in all matters relating to the fine
arts, and devoted most of his leisure hours to the two subjects. A notable collection of etchings and
engravings from the old masters was gradually made by him, those from Claude's paintings being a specialty.
After he retired from the Custom House, his tall, stalwart figure could be seen almost daily tramping through
the Fort George district or Central Park, his roving inclination leading him to obtain as much out−door life as
possible. His evenings were spent at home with his books, his pictures, and his family, and usually with them
Typee: A Romance of the South Sea
INTRODUCTION TO THE EDITION OF 1892. BY ARTHUR STEDMAN. 6
摘要：
展开>>
收起<<
Typee:ARomanceoftheSouthSeaHermanMelvilleTableofContentsTypee:ARomanceoftheSouthSea.................................................................................................................1HermanMelville............................................................................................
声明：本站为文档C2C交易模式，即用户上传的文档直接被用户下载，本站只是中间服务平台，本站所有文档下载所得的收益归上传人(含作者)所有。玖贝云文库仅提供信息存储空间，仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理，对上载内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。若文档所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私，请立即通知玖贝云文库，我们立即给予删除！
相关推荐
-
《发电厂电气部分》(第四版)08-04-传统的中央信号系统
2024-12-10 4 -
《发电厂电气部分》(第四版)08-03-断路器的传统控制方式
2024-12-10 4 -
《发电厂电气部分》(第四版)07-配电装置
2024-12-10 7 -
《发电厂电气部分》(第四版)06-06-裸导体的选择
2024-12-10 3 -
《发电厂电气部分》(第四版)06-04-限流电抗器的选择
2024-12-10 3 -
《发电厂电气部分》(第四版)06-01-电气设备选择的一般条件
2024-12-10 3 -
《发电厂电气部分》(第四版)05-05-电动机自启动校验
2024-12-10 3 -
《发电厂电气部分》(第四版)05-01-03-厂用电接线
2024-12-10 7 -
《发电厂电气部分》(第四版)04-06-主接线的设计原则和步骤
2024-12-10 4 -
《发电厂电气部分》(第四版)04-05-典型主接线分析
2024-12-10 5
分类：外语学习
价格：4.9玖币
属性：158 页
大小：439.2KB
格式：PDF
时间：2024-12-08
渝公网安备50010702506394
